A. To get a list of all vitamins and minerals and how much you need, check out the free online tool from the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Just input a few pieces of information about yourself including your age, height, and weight. You also can get a list of your daily calorie, protein, and other nutritional needs. Keep in mind that the amounts of vitamins and minerals you need include everything you get from food and beverages—you may or may not need a dietary supplement to achieve these amounts. Talk with your healthcare provider to help you determine which supplements, if any, might be valuable for you. For more detailed information about each vitamin and mineral, read our vitamin and mineral fact sheets.
In addition, you can get good sources of information on eating well from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and ChooseMyPlate.
Most research suggests that getting recommended intakes of vitamins and minerals from food—and dietary supplements as needed—promotes health. Our fact sheet points out that some people might benefit from taking certain nutrients found in MVMs. For example:
Women who could become pregnant should get 400 mcg/day of folic acid from fortified foods and/or dietary supplements to reduce the risk of birth defects of the brain and spine in their newborn babies.
Pregnant women should take an iron supplement as recommended by their healthcare provider.
Breastfed infants should receive vitamin D supplements of 400 IU/day until they are weaned. After weaning, infants should drink about 1 quart per day of vitamin D-fortified formula or whole milk.
In postmenopausal women, calcium and vitamin D supplements may increase bone strength and reduce the risk of fractures.
People over age 50 should get recommended amounts of vitamin B12 from fortified foods and/or dietary supplements because they might not absorb enough of the B12 that is naturally found in food.
Keep in mind that manufacturers add some of the vitamins and minerals found in dietary supplements to a growing number of foods, including breakfast cereals and beverages. As a result, you may be getting more of these nutrients than you think, and more might not be better. Taking more than you need is always more expensive and can increase your risk of side effects.